EI 1354 INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY 0 0 3 100
AIMThis purpose of training in this lab is to impart an adequate knowledge and expertise to handle equipment generally available in an industry.
OBJECTIVE
The training gained by the student in this area will be of immerse help and ease for him in any industrial establishment.
1. Measurement of flow using Venturi meter and orifice meter.
2. Calibration of Pressure gauge.
3. Calibration of Temperature sensor.
4. Torque measurement.
5. Viscosity measurement.
6. Level measurement using d/p transmitter.
7. UV – visible spectrophotometer.
8. pH meter standardization and measurement of pH values of solutions.
9. ECG analyzer.
10. Measurement of pulse rate/respiration rate.
P = 45 Total = 45
Detailed Syllabus
1. Measurement Of Flow Using Venturimeter And Orifice Meter
Aim
To measure the flowrate using venturimeter and orifice meter.
Exercise
Find the discharge co-efficient Cd.
Procedure
1. Open the outlet value completely and switch on the motor.
2. Now open the inlet value.
3. With a particular operating a the inlet value note the reading on two time of manometer and computer the value of x.
4. Compute the actual discharge using the collecting task and stop watch and the theoretical discharge.
5. Now change the opening of the inlet values and note the reading of monometer and compare and discharge.
6. Calculate the value of Cd.
Equipment
1. Venturimeter – 1 No
2. Orifice meter – 1 No
3. Stopwatch – 1 No
2. Calibration Of Pressure Gauge
Aim
To calibrate the given pressure gauge using dead weight tester.
Exercise
Calibrate the pressure gauge and discuss the graphs (i) Actual pressure Vs true pressure (ii) Actual pressure Vs Error
Procedure
1. A standard weight of 0.5 Kg/cm2 is kept on the piston plate form.
2. Pressure is applied to the chamber containing oil by rotating the hand operated wheel in the anti clock wise direction.
3. This is continued until piston carrying weight shows a list.
4. In the movement the pressure acts equally on the piston as well as on the gauge.
5. The reading shown by the gauge is taken as actual reading.
6. The same procedure is repeated for increasing weights on the platform in steps of 0.5 Kg/cm2 and actual reading shown by the gauge is noted down.
7. Graphs are drawn between
i. Actual pressure Vs true pressure.
ii. Actual pressure Vs Error.
Equipment
1. Dead weight tester - 1 No
2. Pressure gauge and standard weight - 1 No
3. CALIBRATION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Aim
To calibrate the given theromocouple using a standard thermocouple.
Exercise
Calibrate the given thermocouple and draw the graph between the response of standard thermocouple and calibrated thermocouple.
Procedure
1. Water bath is filled cooling water.
2. Both the std thermocouple and thermocouple and thermocouple to be calibrate are placed in separate holes drilled in a water location inside the given water bath.
3. At room temperature note the standard thermocouple and the readings of the thermocouple to be calibrated.
4. Switch the thermocouple ‘on’ and to every 50C rise in temperature note the thermocouple readings.
5. The above readings are tabulated and % error is determined.
6. The graph is drawn between the response of standard thermocouple and calibrated thermocouple.
Equipment
1. Water bath – 1 No
2. Thermocouple – 1 No
3. Heater – 1 No
4. Stirrer – 1 No
5. Measuring meter – 1 No
4. TORQUE MEASUREMENT
Aim
To determine the due to dead weights using strain torsion meter and to determine the unknown weight.
Exercise
Find the % error of the torque measurement.
Procedure
1. Connect the strain gauge torsion meter to the power supply.
2. Now change or hanger is fixed to the shift, the torque is to subject.
3. Now keep the dead weights in the hanger gently.
4. Note the indicated torque value from the strain gauge torsion indicator.
5. Repeat the same for different weights (say 1Kg, 2Kg,) and tabulate the readings.
6. Now repeat the same procedure for the given unknown weight.
7. The unknown weight is interpreted from graph.
Equipment
1. Strain gauge torsion meter – 1 No
2. Dead weight – 1 No
5. Measurement Of Viscosity Using Saybolt Viscometer
Aim
To measure the viscosity using saybolt viscometer.
Exercise
Measure the viscosity using saybolt viscometer and draw the graph between voltage on x-axis and dynamo viscosity on y-axis.
Procedure
1. Viscosity determination shall be done in room free from dust rapid changes in temperature.
2. The oil in the cup and allow it to drain.
3. Pour oil in the cup and allow it to drain.
4. The cark stopper should be installed at the lower and of thetube.
5. The cark should be tight enough to prevent escape of oil.
6. Since the oil should be stirred well until a constant temperature is maintained both in the water and the oil.
7. After thermal equilibrium has been obtained.
8. Remove the thermometer from the oil bath.
9. 60ml of flask should be kept in position to collect oil from the tube.
10. Open the cork and start the stopwatch.
11. Record the time for the fall of 60mm of oil.
12. Vary the temperature of oil using temperature controller record the actual temperature.
13. Draw the graph between voltage on x-axis and dynamo viscosity on y-axis.
Equipment
1. Thermometer – 1 No
2. Stop watch – 1 No
3. 60ml flask – 1 No
4. Water – 1 No
6. Level Measurement Using Dpt
Aim
To measure the level of liquid in the tank with the differential pressure transmitter and to calibrate the zero and span of the level interns of 4-20 mA.
Exercise
Measure the liquid level and calibrate it interms of 4-20 mA.
Procedure
a) Weight the empty container and calibrate the daters level to 4mA.
b) Fill the container with the water and calibrate the full level to 20mA.
c) Now perform the experiment in the ascending order in steps of 5cms.
d) Repeat the same procedure for the descending order.
e) Tabulate the readings.
f) Draw the hastenis
Equipment
1. DPT - 1 No
2. Container - 1 No
7. UV-SPECTROPHOTO – METER
Aim
To find out the absorbance, % of transmittance and concentration for a given test solution, using UV spectrophotometer.
Exercise
Find out the absorbance, % of transmittance and concentration of the given test
solutions.
Procedure
1. Switch on the UV-spectrophotometer.
2. Switch on the lamp by electing the names of rating disc.
3. Place the reference solution in the first column of rotating disc.
4. Use any other column to place the test solution.
5. Select the operating mode. There are 4 types of operating modes:
i. Single wavelength
ii. Multiple wavelength
iii. Scanning mode
iv. Time scan mode
6. Select the mode. The 3 parameters to be measures are absorbance, % of transmittance and concentration for a given test solution.
Note down the result from the 1st parameter.
Equipment
1. UV spectrophotometer – 1 No.
2. Curettes
8. pH – METER MEASUREMENT OF pH-VALUE OF TEST SOLUTIONS 1
Aim
To measure the PH values of the test solutions using pH-meter.
Exercise
Find the pH values of the test solutions.
Procedure
1. Switch on the PH meter
2. Connect the glass electrode to the PH-meter
3. Take distilled water in a beaker and insert electrode in the beaker
4. The PH meter should show approximately test solutions. If Acidic than the PH is < 7 and if alkaline than the PH >7
Equipment
1. pH meter – 1 No.
2. Test solutions – few types
3. Beaker – 2 Nos.
4. Stand – 1 No.
9. ECG ANALYSER
Aim
To trace the ECG waveform and measure the various time interval and amplitude of ECG, waveform to make a diagnosis
Exercise
Take ECG waveforms and analyse for normality, first-degree AV block, bundle block, myo cardial infraction, coronary insufficiency and ventricular Fibrillation.
Procedure
1. Connect the leads appropriately.
2. Trace the waveform.
3. Find the time interval of PQ, QRS complex, ST interval, T-U interval.
4. Measure the amplitude of P wave, T wave, ST interval & U wave.
Name of the Wave | Amplitude mv | Duration Sec |
P-wave | 0-25 | 0.12 to 0.22 (P-R interval) |
R-wave | 1.6 | 0.07 to 0.1 |
T wave | 0.1 to 0.5 | 0.05 to 0.15 (S-T interval) |
S-T wave | ||
U-wave | <0.1 | 0.2 (T-U interval) |
Diagnosis
1. Normal ECG.
2. First degree AV block. If PQ segment is greater than 0.22 sec.
3. If QRS complex is greater than 0.1 c. Bundle block is present.
4. If ST segment is elevated then myo cardial fraction is found.
5. The patient suffers from coronary insufficiency, if ST segment is depressed.
6. The patient might be suffering from ventricular fibrillation if PQRST wave form is absent and only a train of pulses is present.
10. MEASUREMENT OF PULSE RATE / RESPIRATORY RATE
Aim
To measure the pulse rate / respiratory rate.
Exercise
Measure the pulse rate / respiratory rate.1
Procedure
1. Use piezoelectric pulse sensor.
2. Absence the pressure pulse wave former ECG recorder.
3. Find out the pulse rate from it.
Equipment
1. Pulse / respiratory kit - 1 No